{"id":74022,"date":"2020-04-16T09:21:05","date_gmt":"2020-04-16T09:21:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/?p=74022"},"modified":"2020-04-16T09:21:05","modified_gmt":"2020-04-16T09:21:05","slug":"must-vs-have-to-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/must-vs-have-to-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Must vs. Have To"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Both\u00a0<b><a href=\"http:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/modal-auxiliary-verb-must\/\">must<\/a>\u00a0<\/b>and\u00a0<b>have to\u00a0<\/b>can be used to express the conclusion that something is certain. Note that\u00a0<b>have to<\/b>\u00a0is more common in American English.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>He must be mad to do this. (OR He has to be mad to do this.)<\/li>\n<li>You must be joking. (You have got to be joking.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Conclusions about the past are usually expressed with\u00a0<b>must\u00a0<\/b>followed by the perfect infinitive (have + past participle).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I hear you have been to Australia. That\u00a0<b>must have been\u00a0<\/b>interesting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Necessity<\/h3>\n<p><b>Must<\/b>\u00a0and\u00a0<b>have to<\/b>\u00a0can both be used to talk about necessity. In American English,<b>\u00a0have to<\/b>\u00a0is more common.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>We\u00a0<b>must\/have to\u00a0<\/b>build up a strong army to defend the country.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Obligation<\/h3>\n<p>Both\u00a0<b>must\u00a0<\/b>and\u00a0<b>have to<\/b>\u00a0can be used to talk about obligation. In American English\u00a0<b>have to\u00a0<\/b>is the normal form. British English often makes a distinction between them.\u00a0<b>Must\u00a0<\/b>is used mostly to talk about the feelings and wishes of the speaker and hearer.\u00a0<b>Have (got) to<\/b>\u00a0is used mostly to talk about obligations that come from \u2018outside\u2019 \u2013 for example from laws, regulations, agreements and other people\u2019s orders.<\/p>\n<p>Compare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I must stop smoking. (= I want to stop smoking.)<\/li>\n<li>I have to stop smoking. (= Doctor has asked me to stop smoking.)<\/li>\n<li>You really must go to church next Sunday. (I am telling you to.)<\/li>\n<li>Catholics have to go to church on Sundays. (Their religion tells them to.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Will have to\u00a0<\/b>is used to talk about future obligation, but\u00a0<b>have (got) to<\/b>\u00a0is preferred when arrangements for the future have already been made.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When you leave school you will have to find a job. (Future obligation)<\/li>\n<li>I have got to go for a job interview tomorrow. (It is already arranged.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Had to<\/b>\u00a0is used to talk about past obligation.\u00a0<b>Must<\/b>\u00a0is used with the perfect infinitive (have + past participle) to express certainty about the past.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mary isn\u2019t in her office. She\u00a0<b>had to\u00a0<\/b>go home. (= It was necessary for her to go home.)<\/li>\n<li>Mary isn\u2019t in her office. She\u00a0<b>must have\u00a0<\/b>gone home. (= It seems certain that she has gone home.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Must not<\/b>\u00a0and\u00a0<b>do not have to\/ have not got to<\/b>\u00a0have quite different meanings. Must not is used to tell people not to do things; do not have to\/ have not got to is used to say that there is no obligation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You\u00a0<b>must not\u00a0<\/b>tell him. (= Don\u2019t tell him.)<\/li>\n<li>You\u00a0<b>don\u2019t have to\u00a0<\/b>tell him. (= You can if you like but it is not necessary.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Both\u00a0must\u00a0and\u00a0have to\u00a0can be used to express the conclusion that something is certain. Note that\u00a0have to\u00a0is more common in American English. He must be mad to do this. (OR He has to be mad to&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[251],"tags":[1850,1626,2663],"class_list":["post-74022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grammar","tag-have-to","tag-must","tag-must-vs-have-to"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74022"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74023,"href":"https:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74022\/revisions\/74023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perfectyourenglish.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}