Make your sentences clearer with parallel structures

We can make our writing clearer and better by using parallel construction. When you list items, make sure that they are in similar form.

Here are some tips for ensuring that your sentences have parallel structure.

When listing non-finite verbs after a main verb, keep them in the same form. For example, if you use infinitives, stick to them. If you use gerunds, stick to them. Don't put a gerund after an infinitive or an infinitive after a gerund although it is possible in a few cases.

• I want to sing, dance and play. (NOT I want to sing, dance and playing.)
• She enjoys singing, dancing and listening to music. (NOT She enjoys singing, dancing and to listen to music.)

Keep verbs in the same tense. If you begin writing in the past tense, don't change to the present.

• Incorrect: I went to the store, bought some clothes, came home, took a shower and change clothes.
• Correct: I went to the store, bought some clothes, came home, took a shower and changed clothes. (Note that all verbs listed in the sequence are in the past tense.)

Don't inject an adjective into a list of adverbs. Similarly, don't add an adverb into a list of adjectives.

• Incorrect: She spoke clearly, loudly and in a fluent manner.
• Correct: She spoke clearly, loudly and fluently.
• Incorrect: The new player is stronger, clever and intelligent. (Here one adjective is in the comparative degree and the other two adjectives are in the positive degree.)
• Correct: The new player is strong, clever and intelligent. (All adjectives are in the same degree of comparison.)
• Incorrect: James told me that he liked theater, that he wanted to be an actor, and wrote plays.
• Correct: James told me that he liked theater, that he wanted to be an actor, and that he wrote plays.

See also

Common mistakes in the use of nouns
Common mistakes in the use of nouns | Exercise 1
Common mistakes in the use of nouns | Exercise 2
Common mistakes in the use of nouns | Exercise 3

More CBSE English Grammar worksheets

Passive voice worksheet | Simple past tense
Passive voice worksheet | Past continuous tense
Passive voice worksheet | Simple future tense
Passive voice worksheet | Future perfect tense